- Pediatric Specialty Center747 Belden AvenueNorwalk, CT 06850
- Yale New Haven Children's Hospital Specialty CentersYale New Haven Children's Hospital1 Park Street, Ste West Pavilion, 2nd floorNew Haven, CT 06504
- Pediatric Specialty CenterPark Avenue Medical Center5520 Park Avenue, Ste 1st FloorTrumbull, CT 06611
- Pediatric Specialty CenterOld Saybrook Medical Center633 Middlesex TurnpikeOld Saybrook, CT 06475
- Greenwich Hospital500 West Putnam AvenueGreenwich, CT 06830
Robert Cowles, MD
Biography
Robert A. Cowles, MD, practices the full range of pediatric surgery, and has specific expertise and interest in the care of children with diseases of the esophagus, liver, biliary tree, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. He performs lifesaving surgery to correct biliary atresia in babies, an otherwise fatal congenital defect, and works with a multidisciplinary team to manage patients with short gut syndrome and intestinal failure.
Dr. Cowles, who Connecticut Magazine has listed as one of the Top Doctors in the state, says he was initially inspired to pursue pediatric surgery by mentors and colleagues. “More recently, I am inspired by the courage and resilience of the children and their families,” he says.
An associate professor of surgery (pediatrics) at Yale School of Medicine, Dr. Cowles also directs a research laboratory focused on the ability of the intestinal tract to recover from injury. He has contributed toward the development and refinement of surgical techniques that have eliminated the need for transplants in young patients with short bowel syndrome and biliary atresia.
Titles
- Professor of Surgery (Pediatrics)
Education & Training
- Clinical FellowshipColumbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (2004)
- ResidencyUniversity of Michigan (2002)
- Research FellowshipUniversity of Michigan (2000)
- ResidencyUniversity of Michigan (1998)
- MDTemple University School of Medicine (1995)
Languages Spoken
- English
- Português (Portuguese)
- Español (Spanish)
Additional Information
- AB of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery (2006, recertified: 2016)
- Salvi P, Canner J, Coons B, Cowles R, Engwall‐Gill A, Kunisaki S, Penikis A, Schneider E, Sferra S, Solomon D. The impact of undergoing elective pediatric lung resection during respiratory syncytial virus peak season on patient outcomes: A nationwide retrospective analysis. Pediatric Pulmonology 2024, 59: 1346-1353. PMID: 38353176, DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26914.
- Salvi P, Shaughnessy M, Sumigray K, Cowles R. Antibiotic-induced microbial depletion enhances murine small intestinal epithelial growth in a serotonin-dependent manner. AJP Gastrointestinal And Liver Physiology 2023, 325: g80-g91. PMID: 37158470, DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00113.2022.
- Cramm S, Chandler N, Graham D, Kunisaki S, Russell R, Blakely M, Lipskar A, Allukian M, Aronowitz D, Campbell B, Collins D, Commander S, Cowles R, DeFazio J, Esparaz J, Feng C, Griggs C, Guyer R, Hanna D, Kahan A, Keane O, Lamoshi A, Lopez C, Pace E, Regan M, Santore M, Scholz S, Tracy E, Williams S, Zhang L, Rangel S. Association Between Antibiotic Redosing Before Incision and Risk of Incisional Site Infection in Children With Appendicitis. Annals Of Surgery 2022, 278: e863-e869. PMID: 36317528, DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005747.
- Salvi P, Cowles R. Short Bowel Syndrome and Intestinal Lengthening Procedures. 2022, 345-356. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96542-6_31.
- Salvi PS, Solomon DG, Cowles RA. Preoperative Transfusion and Surgical Outcomes for Children with Sickle Cell Disease. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2022, 235: 530-538. PMID: 35972175, DOI: 10.1097/XCS.0000000000000267.
- Cramm SL, Lipskar AM, Graham DA, Kunisaki SM, Griggs CL, Allukian M, Russell RT, Chandler NM, Santore MT, Aronowitz DI, Blakely ML, Campbell B, Collins DT, Commander SJ, Cowles RA, DeFazio JR, Echols JC, Esparaz JR, Feng C, Guyer RA, Hanna DN, He K, Kahan AM, Keane OA, Lamoshi A, Lopez CM, McLean SE, Pace E, Regan MD, Scholz S, Tracy ET, Williams SA, Zhang L, Rangel SJ, Chang A, Fitzgerald M, Middlesworth W, Finck C, Hackam D, Engwall-Gill A, Gerall C, Orlas C, Hwang R, Dantes G. Association of Gangrenous, Suppurative, and Exudative Findings With Outcomes and Resource Utilization in Children With Nonperforated Appendicitis. JAMA Surgery 2022, 157: 685-692. PMID: 35648410, PMCID: PMC9161124, DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.1928.
- Salvi PS, Cowles RA, Oh PS, Solomon DG. Variability in pediatric appendectomy: The association between disposable supply cost and procedure duration. Surgery 2022, 172: 729-733. PMID: 35581029, DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.04.006.
- Salvi PS, Fawaz R, Cowles RA. Comparing Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 in Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease and Biliary Atresia. The Journal Of Pediatrics 2022, 249: 97-100. PMID: 35714967, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.06.014.
- Shaughnessy MP, Park CJ, Salvi PS, Cowles RA. Jejunoileal mucosal growth in mice with a limited microbiome. PLOS ONE 2022, 17: e0266251. PMID: 35349599, PMCID: PMC8963542, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266251.
- Muñoz Abraham AS, Osei H, Bajinting A, Cowles RA, Greenspon J, Hosfield BD, Keller MS, Landman MP, Owens H, Shaughnessy MP, St Peter SD, Sujka J, Vogel AM, Villalona GA. Index Admission Cholecystectomy and Recurrence of Pediatric Gallstone Pancreatitis: Multicenter Cohort Analysis. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2022, 234: 352-358. PMID: 35213498, DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000062.
- Shah PA, Saluja S, Cowles RA. Cholecystectomy Is Superior to Medical Management for Biliary Pain in Pediatric Patients. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Surgery : Official Journal Of The Society For Surgery Of The Alimentary Tract 2021, 25: 2435-2436. PMID: 34255291, DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-05083-1.
- Salvi PS, Cowles RA. Butyrate and the Intestinal Epithelium: Modulation of Proliferation and Inflammation in Homeostasis and Disease. Cells 2021, 10: 1775. PMID: 34359944, PMCID: PMC8304699, DOI: 10.3390/cells10071775.
- Malik R, Leviter J, Gross I, Saluja S, Cowles RA, Riera A. Point-of-Care Ultrasound to Evaluate the Acute Abdomen. Pediatric Emergency Care 2021, 38: e1022-e1024. PMID: 34116554, DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002460.
- Shah PA, Saluja S, Cowles RA. Duodenal Duplication Cyst. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Surgery : Official Journal Of The Society For Surgery Of The Alimentary Tract 2021, 25: 1635-1637. PMID: 33443687, DOI: 10.1007/s11605-020-04890-2.
- Shah PA, Park CJ, Shaughnessy MP, Cowles RA. Serotonin as a Mitogen in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Revisiting a Familiar Molecule in a New Role. Cellular And Molecular Gastroenterology And Hepatology 2021, 12: 1093-1104. PMID: 34022423, PMCID: PMC8350061, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.008.
- Maassel NL, Shaughnessy MP, Solomon DG, Cowles RA. Trends in fundoplication volume for pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease. Journal Of Pediatric Surgery 2021, 56: 1495-1499. PMID: 33745746, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.02.045.
- Shaughnessy MP, Maassel NL, Yung N, Solomon DG, Cowles RA. Laparoscopy is increasingly used for pediatric inguinal hernia repair. Journal Of Pediatric Surgery 2021, 56: 2016-2021. PMID: 33549307, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.01.032.
- Lewit RA, Veras LV, Cowles RA, Fowler K, King S, Lapidus-Krol E, Langer JC, Park CJ, Youssef F, Vavilov S, Gosain A. Reducing Underdiagnosis of Hirschsprung-Associated Enterocolitis: A Novel Scoring System. Journal Of Surgical Research 2021, 261: 253-260. PMID: 33460971, PMCID: PMC8166452, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.12.030.
- Eysenbach LM, Caty MG, Christison-Lagay ER, Cowles RA, Dillon B, Goodman TR, Ozgediz DE, Stitelman DH, Solomon DG. Outcomes following adoption of a standardized protocol for abscess drain management in pediatric appendicitis. Journal Of Pediatric Surgery 2020, 56: 43-46. PMID: 33143877, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.09.050.
- Lewit R, Veras L, Cowles R, King S, Lapidus-Krol E, Langer J, Park C, Youssef F, Vavilov S, Gosain A. Existing Scoring Systems for Hirschsprung-Associated Enterocolitis Result in Underdiagnosis and Overtreatment. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2020, 231: s196. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.07.559.
- Park CJ, Shaughnessy MP, Cowles RA. Mucosal characteristics vary across developmental stages in the small intestine of C57BL/6J mice. Life Sciences 2020, 260: 118428. PMID: 32931798, DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118428.
- Park CJ, Shaughnessy MP, Zhang L, Armenia SJ, Caty MG, Cowles RA. National Survey of Pediatric Intestinal Rehabilitation Programs in the United States. Journal Of Parenteral And Enteral Nutrition 2020, 45: 1249-1258. PMID: 32797633, DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1997.
- Greig CJ, Armenia SJ, Cowles RA. The M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in the crypt stem cell compartment mediates intestinal mucosal growth. Experimental Biology And Medicine 2020, 245: 1194-1199. PMID: 32611198, PMCID: PMC7437377, DOI: 10.1177/1535370220938375.
- Greig CJ, Zhang L, Cowles RA. Potentiated serotonin signaling in serotonin re‐uptake transporter knockout mice increases enterocyte mass and small intestinal absorptive function. Physiological Reports 2019, 7: e14278. PMID: 31724827, PMCID: PMC6854605, DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14278.
- Saadai P, Trappey AF, Goldstein AM, Cowles RA, De La Torre L, Durham MM, Huang EY, Levitt MA, Rialon K, Rollins M, Rothstein DH, Langer JC. Guidelines for the management of postoperative soiling in children with Hirschsprung disease. Pediatric Surgery International 2019, 35: 829-834. PMID: 31201486, DOI: 10.1007/s00383-019-04497-y.
- Park CJ, Shaughnessy MP, Armenia SJ, Cowles RA. Serum Citrulline Levels Exhibit Circadian Variation and Fluctuations in Relation to Food Intake in Mice. Gastroenterology Research 2019, 12: 88-92. PMID: 31019618, PMCID: PMC6469904, DOI: 10.14740/gr1146.
- Park CJ, Armenia SJ, Shaughnessy MP, Greig CJ, Cowles RA. Potentiation of serotonin signaling leads to increased carbohydrate and lipid absorption in the murine small intestine. Journal Of Pediatric Surgery 2019, 54: 1245-1249. PMID: 30879746, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.02.027.
- Zhang L, Greig CJ, Cowles RA. Orally Dosed Citalopram Stimulates Small Intestinal Mucosal Growth. Journal Of Surgical Research 2019, 236: 326-331. PMID: 30694773, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.11.033.
- Greig CJ, Oh PS, Gross ER, Cowles RA. Retracing our STEPs: Four decades of progress in intestinal lengthening procedures for short bowel syndrome. The American Journal Of Surgery 2018, 217: 772-782. PMID: 30514435, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.11.025.
- Tackett JJ, Gandotra N, Bamdad MC, Muise ED, Cowles RA. Potentiation of serotonin signaling protects against intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice. Neurogastroenterology & Motility 2018, 31: e13498. PMID: 30394002, DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13498.
- Park CJ, Armenia SJ, Zhang L, Cowles RA. The 5-HT4 Receptor Agonist Prucalopride Stimulates Mucosal Growth and Enhances Carbohydrate Absorption in the Ileum of the Mouse. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2018, 23: 1198-1205. PMID: 30109470, DOI: 10.1007/s11605-018-3907-6.
- Park CJ, Armenia SJ, Keung CH, Compton JT, Cowles RA. Surgical modifications of the Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy minimize invasiveness without compromising short- and medium-term outcomes. Journal Of Pediatric Surgery 2018, 54: 537-542. PMID: 30041859, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.06.028.
- Greig CJ, Alper A, Goodman AL, Cowles RA. Mucosal homeostasis is altered in the ileum of gnotobiotic mice. Journal Of Surgical Research 2018, 231: 331-337. PMID: 30278949, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.05.055.
- Cowles R, Coran A. Gastric Transposition in Infants and Children. 2017, 313-320. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-11202-7_28.
- Greig CJ, Cowles RA. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors participate in small intestinal mucosal homeostasis. Journal Of Pediatric Surgery 2017, 52: 1031-1034. PMID: 28359586, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.03.037.
- Improved capacity to evaluate changes in intestinal mucosal surface area using mathematical modelingGreig CJ, Cowles RA. Improved capacity to evaluate changes in intestinal mucosal surface area using mathematical modeling. Microscopy Research And Technique 2017, 80: 793-798. PMID: 28295852, DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22866.
- Muise ED, Gandotra N, Tackett JJ, Bamdad MC, Cowles RA. Distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in the murine small intestine. Life Sciences 2016, 169: 6-10. PMID: 27866962, DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.030.
- Tackett J, Cowles R. Cholecystitis. 2016, 641-645. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27443-0_80.
- Tackett JJ, Gandotra N, Bamdad MC, Muise ED, Cowles RA. Enhanced serotonin signaling stimulates ordered intestinal mucosal growth. Journal Of Surgical Research 2016, 208: 198-203. PMID: 27993209, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.09.036.
- Hardee S, Tuzovic L, Silva C, Cowles R, Copel J, Morotti R. CONGENITAL CYSTIC LUNG LESIONS: EVOLUTION FROM IN-UTERO TO PATHOLOGY DIAGNOSIS - A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH. Pediatric And Developmental Pathology 2016 DOI: 10.2350/16-05-1815-oa.1.
- Greig CJ, Gandotra N, Tackett JJ, Bamdad MC, Cowles RA. Enhanced serotonin signaling increases intestinal neuroplasticity. Journal Of Surgical Research 2016, 206: 151-158. PMID: 27916355, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.07.021.
- Gross ER, Gershon MD, Margolis KG, Gertsberg ZV, Li Z, Cowles RA. Neuronal Serotonin Regulates Growth of the Intestinal Mucosa in Mice. Gastroenterology 2012, 143: 408-417.e2. PMID: 22609381, PMCID: PMC3687781, DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.007.
- Gross E, Cowles R. Thoracic Surgical Procedures. 2012, 4037-4044. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02202-9_420.
- Cowles R, Schullinger J, Berdon W. Thomas V. Santulli: a central figure in the development of pediatric surgery in New York City. Journal Of Pediatric Surgery 2007, 42: 589. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.10.064.
- Cowles R, Soldes O, Coran A. Untreated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A risk factor in paediatric injuries? Injury Extra. 2005, 36: 566-568. DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2005.05.019.
- Segura BJ, Zhang W, Xiao L, Turner D, Cowles RA, Logsdon C, Mulholland MW. Sphingosine-1-phosphate mediates calcium signaling in guinea pig enteroglial cells. Journal Of Surgical Research 2004, 116: 42-54. PMID: 14732348, DOI: 10.1016/s0022-4804(03)00281-6.
- Turner DJ, Cowles RA, Segura BJ, Mulholland MW. Cholinergic stimulation of rat acinar cells increases c-fos and c-jun expression via a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2001, 5: 661-672. PMID: 12086906, DOI: 10.1016/s1091-255x(01)80110-4.
- Cowles R, Cardneau J, Taheri P. Images in vascular medicine. Vascular Medicine 2001, 6: 189-190. PMID: 11789974, DOI: 10.1177/1358836x0100600310.
- Cowles R, Moyer C, Sonnad S, Simeone D, Knol J, Eckhauser F, Mulholland M, Colletti L. Doctor-patient communication in surgery: attitudes and expectations of general surgery patients about the involvement and education of surgical residents1 1No competing interests declared. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2001, 193: 73-80. PMID: 11442257, DOI: 10.1016/s1072-7515(01)00936-x.
- Turner D, Segura B, Cowles R, Zhang W, Mulholland M. Functional overlap of IP3- and cADP-ribose-sensitive calcium stores in guinea pig myenteric neurons. AJP Gastrointestinal And Liver Physiology 2001, 281: g208-g215. PMID: 11408274, DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.1.g208.
- Cowles R, Segura B, Mulholland M. Stimulation of rat pancreatic exocrine secretion by cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide. Peptides 2001, 99: 61-68. PMID: 11257316, DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(01)00226-9.
- Segura B, Xiao L, Zhang W, Cowles R, Logsdon C, Mulholland M. Lysophosphatidic acid signaling in the enteric nervous system. Gastroenterology 2001, 120: a683. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(08)83399-9.
- Cowles R, Mulholland M. Surgical Management of Peptic Ulcer Disease in the Helicobacter Era—Management of Bleeding Peptic Ulcer. Surgical Laparoscopy Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 2001, 11: 2-8. PMID: 11269550, DOI: 10.1097/00129689-200102000-00002.
- Zhang W, Turner D, Segura B, Cowles R, Mulholland M. ATP Induces c-fos Expression in C6 Glioma Cells by Activation of P2Y Receptors. Journal Of Surgical Research 2000, 94: 49-55. PMID: 11038302, DOI: 10.1006/jsre.2000.5984.
- Cowles R, Taheri P, Sweeney J, Graziano G. Efficacy of the laparoscopic approach for anterior lumbar spinal fusion. Surgery 2000, 128: 589-596. PMID: 11015092, DOI: 10.1067/msy.2000.108055.
- Cowles R, Yahanda A. Epidermoid cyst of the spleen. The American Journal Of Surgery 2000, 180: 227. PMID: 11084135, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9610(00)00446-3.
- Turner D, Cowles R, Segura B, Romanchuk G, Barnhart D, Mulholland M. Cholinergic intrapancreatic neurons induce Ca2+ signaling and early-response gene expression in pancreatic acinar cells. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2000, 4: 475-480. PMID: 11077322, DOI: 10.1016/s1091-255x(00)80089-x.
- Cowles R, Mulholland M. Solitary hepatic cysts. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2000, 191: 311-321. PMID: 10989905, DOI: 10.1016/s1072-7515(00)00345-8.
- Cowles R, Yahanda A. Laparoscopic biopsy of abdominal retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy for the diagnosis of lymphoma11No competing interests declared. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2000, 191: 108-113. PMID: 10898191, DOI: 10.1016/s1072-7515(00)00279-9.
- Cowles R, Johnson T, Chang A. Useful techniques for the resection of foot melanomas. Journal Of Surgical Oncology 1999, 70: 255-259. PMID: 10219023, DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9098(199904)70:4<255::aid-jso11>3.0.co;2-b.
- Pediatric Specialty Center747 Belden AvenueNorwalk, CT 06850
- Yale New Haven Children's Hospital Specialty CentersYale New Haven Children's Hospital1 Park Street, Ste West Pavilion, 2nd floorNew Haven, CT 06504
- Pediatric Specialty CenterPark Avenue Medical Center5520 Park Avenue, Ste 1st FloorTrumbull, CT 06611
- Pediatric Specialty CenterOld Saybrook Medical Center633 Middlesex TurnpikeOld Saybrook, CT 06475
- Greenwich Hospital500 West Putnam AvenueGreenwich, CT 06830
Biography
Robert A. Cowles, MD, practices the full range of pediatric surgery, and has specific expertise and interest in the care of children with diseases of the esophagus, liver, biliary tree, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. He performs lifesaving surgery to correct biliary atresia in babies, an otherwise fatal congenital defect, and works with a multidisciplinary team to manage patients with short gut syndrome and intestinal failure.
Dr. Cowles, who Connecticut Magazine has listed as one of the Top Doctors in the state, says he was initially inspired to pursue pediatric surgery by mentors and colleagues. “More recently, I am inspired by the courage and resilience of the children and their families,” he says.
An associate professor of surgery (pediatrics) at Yale School of Medicine, Dr. Cowles also directs a research laboratory focused on the ability of the intestinal tract to recover from injury. He has contributed toward the development and refinement of surgical techniques that have eliminated the need for transplants in young patients with short bowel syndrome and biliary atresia.
Titles
- Professor of Surgery (Pediatrics)
Education & Training
- Clinical FellowshipColumbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (2004)
- ResidencyUniversity of Michigan (2002)
- Research FellowshipUniversity of Michigan (2000)
- ResidencyUniversity of Michigan (1998)
- MDTemple University School of Medicine (1995)
Languages Spoken
- English
- Português (Portuguese)
- Español (Spanish)
Additional Information
- AB of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery (2006, recertified: 2016)
- Salvi P, Canner J, Coons B, Cowles R, Engwall‐Gill A, Kunisaki S, Penikis A, Schneider E, Sferra S, Solomon D. The impact of undergoing elective pediatric lung resection during respiratory syncytial virus peak season on patient outcomes: A nationwide retrospective analysis. Pediatric Pulmonology 2024, 59: 1346-1353. PMID: 38353176, DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26914.
- Salvi P, Shaughnessy M, Sumigray K, Cowles R. Antibiotic-induced microbial depletion enhances murine small intestinal epithelial growth in a serotonin-dependent manner. AJP Gastrointestinal And Liver Physiology 2023, 325: g80-g91. PMID: 37158470, DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00113.2022.
- Cramm S, Chandler N, Graham D, Kunisaki S, Russell R, Blakely M, Lipskar A, Allukian M, Aronowitz D, Campbell B, Collins D, Commander S, Cowles R, DeFazio J, Esparaz J, Feng C, Griggs C, Guyer R, Hanna D, Kahan A, Keane O, Lamoshi A, Lopez C, Pace E, Regan M, Santore M, Scholz S, Tracy E, Williams S, Zhang L, Rangel S. Association Between Antibiotic Redosing Before Incision and Risk of Incisional Site Infection in Children With Appendicitis. Annals Of Surgery 2022, 278: e863-e869. PMID: 36317528, DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005747.
- Salvi P, Cowles R. Short Bowel Syndrome and Intestinal Lengthening Procedures. 2022, 345-356. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96542-6_31.
- Salvi PS, Solomon DG, Cowles RA. Preoperative Transfusion and Surgical Outcomes for Children with Sickle Cell Disease. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2022, 235: 530-538. PMID: 35972175, DOI: 10.1097/XCS.0000000000000267.
- Cramm SL, Lipskar AM, Graham DA, Kunisaki SM, Griggs CL, Allukian M, Russell RT, Chandler NM, Santore MT, Aronowitz DI, Blakely ML, Campbell B, Collins DT, Commander SJ, Cowles RA, DeFazio JR, Echols JC, Esparaz JR, Feng C, Guyer RA, Hanna DN, He K, Kahan AM, Keane OA, Lamoshi A, Lopez CM, McLean SE, Pace E, Regan MD, Scholz S, Tracy ET, Williams SA, Zhang L, Rangel SJ, Chang A, Fitzgerald M, Middlesworth W, Finck C, Hackam D, Engwall-Gill A, Gerall C, Orlas C, Hwang R, Dantes G. Association of Gangrenous, Suppurative, and Exudative Findings With Outcomes and Resource Utilization in Children With Nonperforated Appendicitis. JAMA Surgery 2022, 157: 685-692. PMID: 35648410, PMCID: PMC9161124, DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.1928.
- Salvi PS, Cowles RA, Oh PS, Solomon DG. Variability in pediatric appendectomy: The association between disposable supply cost and procedure duration. Surgery 2022, 172: 729-733. PMID: 35581029, DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.04.006.
- Salvi PS, Fawaz R, Cowles RA. Comparing Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 in Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease and Biliary Atresia. The Journal Of Pediatrics 2022, 249: 97-100. PMID: 35714967, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.06.014.
- Shaughnessy MP, Park CJ, Salvi PS, Cowles RA. Jejunoileal mucosal growth in mice with a limited microbiome. PLOS ONE 2022, 17: e0266251. PMID: 35349599, PMCID: PMC8963542, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266251.
- Muñoz Abraham AS, Osei H, Bajinting A, Cowles RA, Greenspon J, Hosfield BD, Keller MS, Landman MP, Owens H, Shaughnessy MP, St Peter SD, Sujka J, Vogel AM, Villalona GA. Index Admission Cholecystectomy and Recurrence of Pediatric Gallstone Pancreatitis: Multicenter Cohort Analysis. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2022, 234: 352-358. PMID: 35213498, DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000062.
- Shah PA, Saluja S, Cowles RA. Cholecystectomy Is Superior to Medical Management for Biliary Pain in Pediatric Patients. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Surgery : Official Journal Of The Society For Surgery Of The Alimentary Tract 2021, 25: 2435-2436. PMID: 34255291, DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-05083-1.
- Salvi PS, Cowles RA. Butyrate and the Intestinal Epithelium: Modulation of Proliferation and Inflammation in Homeostasis and Disease. Cells 2021, 10: 1775. PMID: 34359944, PMCID: PMC8304699, DOI: 10.3390/cells10071775.
- Malik R, Leviter J, Gross I, Saluja S, Cowles RA, Riera A. Point-of-Care Ultrasound to Evaluate the Acute Abdomen. Pediatric Emergency Care 2021, 38: e1022-e1024. PMID: 34116554, DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002460.
- Shah PA, Saluja S, Cowles RA. Duodenal Duplication Cyst. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Surgery : Official Journal Of The Society For Surgery Of The Alimentary Tract 2021, 25: 1635-1637. PMID: 33443687, DOI: 10.1007/s11605-020-04890-2.
- Shah PA, Park CJ, Shaughnessy MP, Cowles RA. Serotonin as a Mitogen in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Revisiting a Familiar Molecule in a New Role. Cellular And Molecular Gastroenterology And Hepatology 2021, 12: 1093-1104. PMID: 34022423, PMCID: PMC8350061, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.008.
- Maassel NL, Shaughnessy MP, Solomon DG, Cowles RA. Trends in fundoplication volume for pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease. Journal Of Pediatric Surgery 2021, 56: 1495-1499. PMID: 33745746, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.02.045.
- Shaughnessy MP, Maassel NL, Yung N, Solomon DG, Cowles RA. Laparoscopy is increasingly used for pediatric inguinal hernia repair. Journal Of Pediatric Surgery 2021, 56: 2016-2021. PMID: 33549307, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.01.032.
- Lewit RA, Veras LV, Cowles RA, Fowler K, King S, Lapidus-Krol E, Langer JC, Park CJ, Youssef F, Vavilov S, Gosain A. Reducing Underdiagnosis of Hirschsprung-Associated Enterocolitis: A Novel Scoring System. Journal Of Surgical Research 2021, 261: 253-260. PMID: 33460971, PMCID: PMC8166452, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.12.030.
- Eysenbach LM, Caty MG, Christison-Lagay ER, Cowles RA, Dillon B, Goodman TR, Ozgediz DE, Stitelman DH, Solomon DG. Outcomes following adoption of a standardized protocol for abscess drain management in pediatric appendicitis. Journal Of Pediatric Surgery 2020, 56: 43-46. PMID: 33143877, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.09.050.
- Lewit R, Veras L, Cowles R, King S, Lapidus-Krol E, Langer J, Park C, Youssef F, Vavilov S, Gosain A. Existing Scoring Systems for Hirschsprung-Associated Enterocolitis Result in Underdiagnosis and Overtreatment. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2020, 231: s196. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.07.559.
- Park CJ, Shaughnessy MP, Cowles RA. Mucosal characteristics vary across developmental stages in the small intestine of C57BL/6J mice. Life Sciences 2020, 260: 118428. PMID: 32931798, DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118428.
- Park CJ, Shaughnessy MP, Zhang L, Armenia SJ, Caty MG, Cowles RA. National Survey of Pediatric Intestinal Rehabilitation Programs in the United States. Journal Of Parenteral And Enteral Nutrition 2020, 45: 1249-1258. PMID: 32797633, DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1997.
- Greig CJ, Armenia SJ, Cowles RA. The M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in the crypt stem cell compartment mediates intestinal mucosal growth. Experimental Biology And Medicine 2020, 245: 1194-1199. PMID: 32611198, PMCID: PMC7437377, DOI: 10.1177/1535370220938375.
- Greig CJ, Zhang L, Cowles RA. Potentiated serotonin signaling in serotonin re‐uptake transporter knockout mice increases enterocyte mass and small intestinal absorptive function. Physiological Reports 2019, 7: e14278. PMID: 31724827, PMCID: PMC6854605, DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14278.
- Saadai P, Trappey AF, Goldstein AM, Cowles RA, De La Torre L, Durham MM, Huang EY, Levitt MA, Rialon K, Rollins M, Rothstein DH, Langer JC. Guidelines for the management of postoperative soiling in children with Hirschsprung disease. Pediatric Surgery International 2019, 35: 829-834. PMID: 31201486, DOI: 10.1007/s00383-019-04497-y.
- Park CJ, Shaughnessy MP, Armenia SJ, Cowles RA. Serum Citrulline Levels Exhibit Circadian Variation and Fluctuations in Relation to Food Intake in Mice. Gastroenterology Research 2019, 12: 88-92. PMID: 31019618, PMCID: PMC6469904, DOI: 10.14740/gr1146.
- Park CJ, Armenia SJ, Shaughnessy MP, Greig CJ, Cowles RA. Potentiation of serotonin signaling leads to increased carbohydrate and lipid absorption in the murine small intestine. Journal Of Pediatric Surgery 2019, 54: 1245-1249. PMID: 30879746, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.02.027.
- Zhang L, Greig CJ, Cowles RA. Orally Dosed Citalopram Stimulates Small Intestinal Mucosal Growth. Journal Of Surgical Research 2019, 236: 326-331. PMID: 30694773, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.11.033.
- Greig CJ, Oh PS, Gross ER, Cowles RA. Retracing our STEPs: Four decades of progress in intestinal lengthening procedures for short bowel syndrome. The American Journal Of Surgery 2018, 217: 772-782. PMID: 30514435, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.11.025.
- Tackett JJ, Gandotra N, Bamdad MC, Muise ED, Cowles RA. Potentiation of serotonin signaling protects against intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice. Neurogastroenterology & Motility 2018, 31: e13498. PMID: 30394002, DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13498.
- Park CJ, Armenia SJ, Zhang L, Cowles RA. The 5-HT4 Receptor Agonist Prucalopride Stimulates Mucosal Growth and Enhances Carbohydrate Absorption in the Ileum of the Mouse. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2018, 23: 1198-1205. PMID: 30109470, DOI: 10.1007/s11605-018-3907-6.
- Park CJ, Armenia SJ, Keung CH, Compton JT, Cowles RA. Surgical modifications of the Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy minimize invasiveness without compromising short- and medium-term outcomes. Journal Of Pediatric Surgery 2018, 54: 537-542. PMID: 30041859, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.06.028.
- Greig CJ, Alper A, Goodman AL, Cowles RA. Mucosal homeostasis is altered in the ileum of gnotobiotic mice. Journal Of Surgical Research 2018, 231: 331-337. PMID: 30278949, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.05.055.
- Cowles R, Coran A. Gastric Transposition in Infants and Children. 2017, 313-320. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-11202-7_28.
- Greig CJ, Cowles RA. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors participate in small intestinal mucosal homeostasis. Journal Of Pediatric Surgery 2017, 52: 1031-1034. PMID: 28359586, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.03.037.
- Improved capacity to evaluate changes in intestinal mucosal surface area using mathematical modelingGreig CJ, Cowles RA. Improved capacity to evaluate changes in intestinal mucosal surface area using mathematical modeling. Microscopy Research And Technique 2017, 80: 793-798. PMID: 28295852, DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22866.
- Muise ED, Gandotra N, Tackett JJ, Bamdad MC, Cowles RA. Distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in the murine small intestine. Life Sciences 2016, 169: 6-10. PMID: 27866962, DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.030.
- Tackett J, Cowles R. Cholecystitis. 2016, 641-645. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27443-0_80.
- Tackett JJ, Gandotra N, Bamdad MC, Muise ED, Cowles RA. Enhanced serotonin signaling stimulates ordered intestinal mucosal growth. Journal Of Surgical Research 2016, 208: 198-203. PMID: 27993209, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.09.036.
- Hardee S, Tuzovic L, Silva C, Cowles R, Copel J, Morotti R. CONGENITAL CYSTIC LUNG LESIONS: EVOLUTION FROM IN-UTERO TO PATHOLOGY DIAGNOSIS - A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH. Pediatric And Developmental Pathology 2016 DOI: 10.2350/16-05-1815-oa.1.
- Greig CJ, Gandotra N, Tackett JJ, Bamdad MC, Cowles RA. Enhanced serotonin signaling increases intestinal neuroplasticity. Journal Of Surgical Research 2016, 206: 151-158. PMID: 27916355, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.07.021.
- Gross ER, Gershon MD, Margolis KG, Gertsberg ZV, Li Z, Cowles RA. Neuronal Serotonin Regulates Growth of the Intestinal Mucosa in Mice. Gastroenterology 2012, 143: 408-417.e2. PMID: 22609381, PMCID: PMC3687781, DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.007.
- Gross E, Cowles R. Thoracic Surgical Procedures. 2012, 4037-4044. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02202-9_420.
- Cowles R, Schullinger J, Berdon W. Thomas V. Santulli: a central figure in the development of pediatric surgery in New York City. Journal Of Pediatric Surgery 2007, 42: 589. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.10.064.
- Cowles R, Soldes O, Coran A. Untreated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A risk factor in paediatric injuries? Injury Extra. 2005, 36: 566-568. DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2005.05.019.
- Segura BJ, Zhang W, Xiao L, Turner D, Cowles RA, Logsdon C, Mulholland MW. Sphingosine-1-phosphate mediates calcium signaling in guinea pig enteroglial cells. Journal Of Surgical Research 2004, 116: 42-54. PMID: 14732348, DOI: 10.1016/s0022-4804(03)00281-6.
- Turner DJ, Cowles RA, Segura BJ, Mulholland MW. Cholinergic stimulation of rat acinar cells increases c-fos and c-jun expression via a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2001, 5: 661-672. PMID: 12086906, DOI: 10.1016/s1091-255x(01)80110-4.
- Cowles R, Cardneau J, Taheri P. Images in vascular medicine. Vascular Medicine 2001, 6: 189-190. PMID: 11789974, DOI: 10.1177/1358836x0100600310.
- Cowles R, Moyer C, Sonnad S, Simeone D, Knol J, Eckhauser F, Mulholland M, Colletti L. Doctor-patient communication in surgery: attitudes and expectations of general surgery patients about the involvement and education of surgical residents1 1No competing interests declared. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2001, 193: 73-80. PMID: 11442257, DOI: 10.1016/s1072-7515(01)00936-x.
- Turner D, Segura B, Cowles R, Zhang W, Mulholland M. Functional overlap of IP3- and cADP-ribose-sensitive calcium stores in guinea pig myenteric neurons. AJP Gastrointestinal And Liver Physiology 2001, 281: g208-g215. PMID: 11408274, DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.1.g208.
- Cowles R, Segura B, Mulholland M. Stimulation of rat pancreatic exocrine secretion by cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide. Peptides 2001, 99: 61-68. PMID: 11257316, DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(01)00226-9.
- Segura B, Xiao L, Zhang W, Cowles R, Logsdon C, Mulholland M. Lysophosphatidic acid signaling in the enteric nervous system. Gastroenterology 2001, 120: a683. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(08)83399-9.
- Cowles R, Mulholland M. Surgical Management of Peptic Ulcer Disease in the Helicobacter Era—Management of Bleeding Peptic Ulcer. Surgical Laparoscopy Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 2001, 11: 2-8. PMID: 11269550, DOI: 10.1097/00129689-200102000-00002.
- Zhang W, Turner D, Segura B, Cowles R, Mulholland M. ATP Induces c-fos Expression in C6 Glioma Cells by Activation of P2Y Receptors. Journal Of Surgical Research 2000, 94: 49-55. PMID: 11038302, DOI: 10.1006/jsre.2000.5984.
- Cowles R, Taheri P, Sweeney J, Graziano G. Efficacy of the laparoscopic approach for anterior lumbar spinal fusion. Surgery 2000, 128: 589-596. PMID: 11015092, DOI: 10.1067/msy.2000.108055.
- Cowles R, Yahanda A. Epidermoid cyst of the spleen. The American Journal Of Surgery 2000, 180: 227. PMID: 11084135, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9610(00)00446-3.
- Turner D, Cowles R, Segura B, Romanchuk G, Barnhart D, Mulholland M. Cholinergic intrapancreatic neurons induce Ca2+ signaling and early-response gene expression in pancreatic acinar cells. Journal Of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2000, 4: 475-480. PMID: 11077322, DOI: 10.1016/s1091-255x(00)80089-x.
- Cowles R, Mulholland M. Solitary hepatic cysts. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2000, 191: 311-321. PMID: 10989905, DOI: 10.1016/s1072-7515(00)00345-8.
- Cowles R, Yahanda A. Laparoscopic biopsy of abdominal retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy for the diagnosis of lymphoma11No competing interests declared. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2000, 191: 108-113. PMID: 10898191, DOI: 10.1016/s1072-7515(00)00279-9.
- Cowles R, Johnson T, Chang A. Useful techniques for the resection of foot melanomas. Journal Of Surgical Oncology 1999, 70: 255-259. PMID: 10219023, DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9098(199904)70:4<255::aid-jso11>3.0.co;2-b.
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