Guoping Cai, MD, MS
Biography
Guoping Cai, MD, was intrigued to learn, as a medical student, that pathologists could serve as a bridge between clinical care and basic research. “Pathology is unique in that we are studying the basis of disease,” Dr. Cai says, explaining that he enjoys the challenge of accurately diagnosing diseases from patient biopsies. At Yale Medicine, Dr. Cai specializes in cytopathology, as well as thoracic and genitourinary pathology. For Dr. Cai, medicine is a family affair. He met his wife—then his classmate—at medical school and now his daughter is training to become a physician.
Much of Dr. Cai’s work focuses on examining genitourinary tract tissue samples and also biopsies of the lung and mediastinum to ensure that cancers and other diseases are accurately diagnosed. In cytopathology, in which a sample of a patient’s cells are examined for disease, he works with all organs, especially the lung, pancreas, and thyroid.
As a professor of pathology at Yale School of Medicine, Dr. Cai investigates how imaging-guided, fine-needle aspiration biopsies can be improved with rapid onsite cytological evaluation and ancillary studies. He also works with collaborators on biomarkers of pancreatic, genitourinary, and lung cancers, which have diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.
Titles
- Professor of Pathology
- Associate Director of Cytopathology, Pathology
Education & Training
- FellowNew York University Medical Center (2006)
- ResidentNew York University Medical Center (2005)
- MSWenzhou Medical College (1988)
- MDWenzhou Medical College (1983)
Languages Spoken
- 官話 / 官话 (Chinese-Mandarin)
- English
Additional Information
- Honorary Master of Arts degree from Yale University: (2020)
- AB of Pathology, Anatomic & Clinical Pathology (2005)
- Abi-Raad R, Shi Q, Chen F, Antony V, Hsiao W, Simsir A, Liu X, Brandler T, Cai G. TERT promoter mutations and additional molecular alterations in thyroid fine-needle aspiration specimens: A multi-institutional study with histopathologic follow-up. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2024, aqae117. PMID: 39250709, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqae117.
- Takeda K, Adeniran A, Levi A, Tang H, Cai G. Cytomorphological characteristics of low‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma in voided urine samples: Distinction from benign and high‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma. Cytopathology 2024 PMID: 38992916, DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13413.
- Takeda K, Cai G, Adeniran A, Sun T. Reevaluation of ovarian cyst fine-needle aspiration cytology: A 10-year institutional experience. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2024, aqae077. PMID: 38916141, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqae077.
- Dolezal D, Kholová I, Cai G. The World Health Organization Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology–A Review of the First Edition. Journal Of Clinical And Translational Pathology 2024, 4: 18-35. PMID: 38736711, PMCID: PMC11086742, DOI: 10.14218/jctp.2023.00068.
- Wang X, Zhang X, Hui P, Cai G. Improving diagnostic yield of pancreatic serous cystadenoma with cyst fluid ancillary testing, adjunct immunohistochemistry, and additional fine‐needle biopsy sampling. Cancer Cytopathology 2024, 132: 425-434. PMID: 38450993, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22808.
- Hu B, Wiesehöfer M, de Miguel F, Liu Z, Chan L, Choi J, Melnick M, Arnal Estape A, Walther Z, Zhao D, Lopez-Giraldez F, Wurtz A, Cai G, Fan R, Gettinger S, Xiao A, Yan Q, Homer R, Nguyen D, Politi K. ASCL1 Drives Tolerance to Osimertinib in EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer in Permissive Cellular Contexts. Cancer Research 2024, 84: 1303-1319. PMID: 38359163, PMCID: PMC11142404, DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0438.
- Wang X, Cai G. Liver and Biliary Tract. 2023, 247-266. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44289-6_14.
- Wang X, Cai G. Pancreas. 2023, 229-245. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44289-6_13.
- Cai G. Urinary Tract Cytology. 2023, 11-34. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44289-6_2.
- Sardana R, Cai G. Respiratory Tract. 2023, 189-215. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44289-6_11.
- Malvi P, Chava S, Cai G, Hu K, Zhu L, Edwards Y, Green M, Gupta R, Wajapeyee N. HOXC6 drives a therapeutically targetable pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis pathway by regulating MSK1 and PPP2R2B. Cell Reports Medicine 2023, 4: 101285. PMID: 37951219, PMCID: PMC10694669, DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101285.
- Khajir G, Sun T, Wang H, Sprenkle P, Adeniran A, Cai G, Levi A. Cytologic evaluation of upper urinary tract specimens: An institutional retrospective study using The Paris System for Reporting Urine Cytology second edition with histopathologic follow‐up. Cytopathology 2023, 35: 235-241. PMID: 37916579, DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13328.
- Hu Z, Han F, Yu L, Jiang Y, Cai G. AI-link omnipotent pathological robot: Bridging medical meta-universe to real-world diagnosis and therapy. The Innovation 2023, 4: 100494. PMID: 37663933, PMCID: PMC10472283, DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100494.
- Sardana R, Abi‐Raad R, Adeniran A, Cai G. Utility of parathyroid hormone immunocytochemistry in fine needle aspiration diagnosis of parathyroid tissue. Cytopathology 2023, 34: 597-602. PMID: 37534757, DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13283.
- Sun T, Gilani S, Jain D, Cai G. Cytomorphologic, immunophenotypical and molecular features of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma. Diagnostic Cytopathology 2023, 51: 674-683. PMID: 37469257, DOI: 10.1002/dc.25196.
- Meiklejohn K, Hrones M, Wang M, Prasad M, Cai G, Adeniran A, Gilani S. Diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland on cytology specimens: Role of NOR‐1 (NR4A3) immunohistochemistry. Cytopathology 2023, 34: 219-224. PMID: 36825365, DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13222.
- Wang M, Chen P, Cai G. GATA3 expression in primary lung carcinomas: correlation with histopathologic features and TTF-1, napsin A, and p40 expression. Human Pathology 2023, 135: 93-98. PMID: 36702357, DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.01.007.
- Yoon E, Cai G. Atypical Carcinoid Tumor Versus Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Practical Anatomic Pathology 2022, 75-81. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14402-8_14.
- Baine M, Cai G, Zhang X. Pleomorphic Carcinoma Versus Sarcomatoid Malignant Mesothelioma. Practical Anatomic Pathology 2022, 137-145. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14402-8_23.
- Baldassarri R, Baldassarri S, Cai G. Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Versus Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Lung. Practical Anatomic Pathology 2022, 71-74. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14402-8_13.
- Yoon E, Zhang X, Cai G. Small-Cell Carcinoma Versus Atypical Carcinoid Tumor. Practical Anatomic Pathology 2022, 83-88. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14402-8_15.
- Chen X, Chen H, Lin R, Li Y, Guo Y, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Cai G, Hu M, Chen G. Correlation between PD-L1 expression of the tumour cells and lymphocytes infiltration in the invasive front of urothelial carcinoma. Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2022, 77: 61-67. PMID: 36319076, PMCID: PMC10804014, DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2021-207795.
- Stendahl K, Gilani SM, Basturk O, Hui P, Sigel C, Cai G. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: Cytomorphologic and molecular features. Cancer Cytopathology 2022, 131: 37-49. PMID: 36041224, PMCID: PMC9812877, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22637.
- Wang X, Abi‐Raad R, Tang H, Cai G. Ki‐67 index assessment on FNA specimens of gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Correlation with mitotic rate and potential predictive value for risk stratification. Cancer Cytopathology 2022, 130: 974-982. PMID: 35876606, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22630.
- Wang M, Stendahl K, Cai G, Adeniran A, Harigopal M, Gilani SM. Evaluation of TRPS1 Expression in Pleural Effusion Cytology Specimens With Metastatic Breast Carcinoma. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2022, 158: 416-425. PMID: 35760555, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac066.
- Razzano D, Bouza SJ, Hernandez PV, Wang M, Robert ME, Walther Z, Cai G. Comprehensive molecular profiling of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in FNA, biopsy, and resection specimens. Cancer Cytopathology 2022, 130: 726-734. PMID: 35511415, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22589.
- Sun T, Zuo T, Hui P, Cai G. Significance of KRAS mutation testing in biliary brushing cytology specimens: A 10‐year retrospective review. Cancer Cytopathology 2022, 130: 558-565. PMID: 35417072, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22579.
- Abi‐Raad R, Prasad ML, Adeniran AJ, Cai G. Copy number variations identified in thyroid FNA specimens are associated with Hürthle cell cytomorphology. Cancer Cytopathology 2022, 130: 415-422. PMID: 35332982, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22569.
- Gilani SM, Adeniran AJ, Cai G. Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Evaluation of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm and Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms of Pancreas. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2020, 154: 559-570. PMID: 32589187, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa079.
- Gupta R, Malvi P, Parajuli KR, Janostiak R, Bugide S, Cai G, Zhu LJ, Green MR, Wajapeyee N. KLF7 promotes pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis by up-regulating ISG expression and maintaining Golgi complex integrity. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2020, 117: 12341-12351. PMID: 32430335, PMCID: PMC7275752, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005156117.
- Cai G. Diagnosis and Prognostic Evaluation of Uveal Melanoma via Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy. Journal Of Optometry And Ophthalmology 2020, 22: 81-86. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845x.2020.02.001.
- Baine MK, Sinard JH, Cai G, Homer RJ. A Semiquantitative Scoring System May Allow Biopsy Diagnosis of Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2019, 153: 165-174. PMID: 31593583, PMCID: PMC7571487, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz149.
- Malvi P, Janostiak R, Nagarajan A, Cai G, Wajapeyee N. Loss of thymidine kinase 1 inhibits lung cancer growth and metastatic attributes by reducing GDF15 expression. PLOS Genetics 2019, 15: e1008439. PMID: 31589613, PMCID: PMC6797230, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008439.
- Ray AS, Li C, Murphy TE, Cai G, Araujo KLB, Bramley K, DeBiasi EM, Pisani MA, Cortopassi IO, Puchalski JT. Improved Diagnostic Yield and Specimen Quality With Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Forceps Biopsies: A Retrospective Analysis. The Annals Of Thoracic Surgery 2019, 109: 894-901. PMID: 31593653, PMCID: PMC9376016, DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.08.106.
- Cai G. Lung. 2019, 267-304. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_10.
- Cai G. Cytological Evaluation During Intraoperative Consultation. 2019, 387-405. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_14.
- Abi-Raad R, Cai G. Gastrointestinal Tract. 2019, 365-384. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_13.
- Cai G. Pancreas. 2019, 327-363. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_12.
- Cai G. Facility, Equipment, Specimen Preparation, and Stains. 2019, 13-27. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_2.
- Cai G. Liver. 2019, 153-185. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_7.
- Levi A, Cai G. Economics, Regulations, and Trends in Practice. 2019, 407-412. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_15.
- Cai G. Lymph Node. 2019, 119-150. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_6.
- Abi-Raad R, Cai G. Mediastinum. 2019, 305-323. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_11.
- Cai G, Adeniran A. Overview. 2019, 3-11. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_1.
- Abi-Raad R, Lavik JP, Barbieri AL, Zhang X, Adeniran AJ, Cai G. Grading Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors by Ki-67 Index Evaluated on Fine-Needle Aspiration Cell Block Material. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2019, 153: 74-81. PMID: 31415691, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz110.
- Oh S, Ronaghi R, Cai G. Molecular Testing on Pleural Fluid Samples. Seminars In Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2019, 40: 340-346. PMID: 31525809, DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1695702.
- Hastings K, Yu HA, Wei W, Sanchez-Vega F, DeVeaux M, Choi J, Rizvi H, Lisberg A, Truini A, Lydon CA, Liu Z, Henick BS, Wurtz A, Cai G, Plodkowski AJ, Long NM, Halpenny DF, Killam J, Oliva I, Schultz N, Riely GJ, Arcila ME, Ladanyi M, Zelterman D, Herbst RS, Goldberg SB, Awad MM, Garon EB, Gettinger S, Hellmann MD, Politi K. EGFR mutation subtypes and response to immune checkpoint blockade treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer. Annals Of Oncology 2019, 30: 1311-1320. PMID: 31086949, PMCID: PMC6683857, DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz141.
- Baldassarri RJ, Kumar D, Baldassarri S, Cai G. Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in the Lower Respiratory Tract: A Cytopathologist's Perspective. Archives Of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 2018, 143: 683-694. PMID: 30203986, DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0573-ra.
- Li-Geng T, Cai G, Aslanian HR. EUS diagnosis of cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. VideoGIE 2018, 3: 106-108. PMID: 29916484, PMCID: PMC6004037, DOI: 10.1016/j.vgie.2017.12.007.
- Gettinger S, Choi J, Hastings K, Truini A, Datar I, Sowell R, Wurtz A, Dong W, Cai G, Melnick MA, Du VY, Schlessinger J, Goldberg SB, Chiang A, Sanmamed MF, Melero I, Agorreta J, Montuenga LM, Lifton R, Ferrone S, Kavathas P, Rimm DL, Kaech SM, Schalper K, Herbst RS, Politi K. Impaired HLA Class I Antigen Processing and Presentation as a Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer. Cancer Discovery 2017, 7: cd-17-0593. PMID: 29025772, PMCID: PMC5718941, DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0593.
- Nagarajan A, Dogra SK, Sun L, Gandotra N, Ho T, Cai G, Cline G, Kumar P, Cowles RA, Wajapeyee N. Paraoxonase 2 Facilitates Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Stimulating GLUT1-Mediated Glucose Transport. Molecular Cell 2017, 67: 685-701.e6. PMID: 28803777, PMCID: PMC5567863, DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.07.014.
- Oza VM, Cai G, Aslanian HR. Clinical utility of rapid on-site cytopathology. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2016, 85: 261. PMID: 27562939, DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.08.008.
- Alomari AK, Ustun B, Aslanian HR, Ge X, Chhieng D, Cai G. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of secondary tumors involving the pancreas: An institution's experience. CytoJournal 2016, 13: 1. PMID: 26955395, PMCID: PMC4763477, DOI: 10.4103/1742-6413.173585.
- Cai G, Sun X, Aslanian H, Chhieng D. Rapid On-Site Evaluation for Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Diagnosis of Pancreatic Lesions. AJSP Review And Reports 2015, 20: 164-168. DOI: 10.1097/pcr.0000000000000099.
- Pirazzoli V, Nebhan C, Song X, Wurtz A, Walther Z, Cai G, Zhao Z, Jia P, de Stanchina E, Shapiro EM, Gale M, Yin R, Horn L, Carbone DP, Stephens PJ, Miller V, Gettinger S, Pao W, Politi K. Acquired Resistance of EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinomas to Afatinib plus Cetuximab Is Associated with Activation of mTORC1. Cell Reports 2014, 7: 999-1008. PMID: 24813888, PMCID: PMC4074596, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.04.014.
- Karunamurthy A, Cai G, Dacic S, Khalbuss WE, Pantanowitz L, Monaco SE. Evaluation of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspirations (EBUS‐FNA): Correlation with adequacy and histologic follow‐up. Cancer Cytopathology 2013, 122: 23-32. PMID: 24127207, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21350.
- Bernstein J, Ustun B, Alomari A, Bao F, Aslanian HR, Siddiqui U, Chhieng D, Cai G. Performance of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in diagnosing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. CytoJournal 2013, 10: 10. PMID: 23858320, PMCID: PMC3709383, DOI: 10.4103/1742-6413.112648.
- Cai G, Wong R, Chhieng D, Levy GH, Gettinger SN, Herbst RS, Puchalski JT, Homer RJ, Hui P. Identification of EGFR mutation, KRAS mutation, and ALK gene rearrangement in cytological specimens of primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cytopathology 2013, 121: 500-507. PMID: 23495083, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21288.
- Levy GH, Finkelstein A, Harigopal M, Chhieng D, Cai G. Cytoplasmic vacuolization: An under‐recognized cytomorphologic feature in endocrine tumors of the pancreas. Diagnostic Cytopathology 2012, 41: 623-628. PMID: 22807461, DOI: 10.1002/dc.22893.
- Cai G, Mahooti S, Lipata FM, Chhieng D, Hui P. Diagnostic value of K‐ras mutation analysis for pancreaticobiliary cytology specimens with indeterminate diagnosis. Cancer Cytopathology 2012, 120: 313-318. PMID: 22367918, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21188.
- Monaco SE, Khalbuss WE, Ustinova E, Liang A, Cai G. The cytomorphologic spectrum of salivary gland type tumors in the lung and mediastinum: A report of 16 patients. Diagnostic Cytopathology 2011, 40: 1062-1070. PMID: 21591276, DOI: 10.1002/dc.21733.
Biography
Guoping Cai, MD, was intrigued to learn, as a medical student, that pathologists could serve as a bridge between clinical care and basic research. “Pathology is unique in that we are studying the basis of disease,” Dr. Cai says, explaining that he enjoys the challenge of accurately diagnosing diseases from patient biopsies. At Yale Medicine, Dr. Cai specializes in cytopathology, as well as thoracic and genitourinary pathology. For Dr. Cai, medicine is a family affair. He met his wife—then his classmate—at medical school and now his daughter is training to become a physician.
Much of Dr. Cai’s work focuses on examining genitourinary tract tissue samples and also biopsies of the lung and mediastinum to ensure that cancers and other diseases are accurately diagnosed. In cytopathology, in which a sample of a patient’s cells are examined for disease, he works with all organs, especially the lung, pancreas, and thyroid.
As a professor of pathology at Yale School of Medicine, Dr. Cai investigates how imaging-guided, fine-needle aspiration biopsies can be improved with rapid onsite cytological evaluation and ancillary studies. He also works with collaborators on biomarkers of pancreatic, genitourinary, and lung cancers, which have diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.
Titles
- Professor of Pathology
- Associate Director of Cytopathology, Pathology
Education & Training
- FellowNew York University Medical Center (2006)
- ResidentNew York University Medical Center (2005)
- MSWenzhou Medical College (1988)
- MDWenzhou Medical College (1983)
Languages Spoken
- 官話 / 官话 (Chinese-Mandarin)
- English
Additional Information
- Honorary Master of Arts degree from Yale University: (2020)
- AB of Pathology, Anatomic & Clinical Pathology (2005)
- Abi-Raad R, Shi Q, Chen F, Antony V, Hsiao W, Simsir A, Liu X, Brandler T, Cai G. TERT promoter mutations and additional molecular alterations in thyroid fine-needle aspiration specimens: A multi-institutional study with histopathologic follow-up. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2024, aqae117. PMID: 39250709, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqae117.
- Takeda K, Adeniran A, Levi A, Tang H, Cai G. Cytomorphological characteristics of low‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma in voided urine samples: Distinction from benign and high‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma. Cytopathology 2024 PMID: 38992916, DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13413.
- Takeda K, Cai G, Adeniran A, Sun T. Reevaluation of ovarian cyst fine-needle aspiration cytology: A 10-year institutional experience. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2024, aqae077. PMID: 38916141, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqae077.
- Dolezal D, Kholová I, Cai G. The World Health Organization Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology–A Review of the First Edition. Journal Of Clinical And Translational Pathology 2024, 4: 18-35. PMID: 38736711, PMCID: PMC11086742, DOI: 10.14218/jctp.2023.00068.
- Wang X, Zhang X, Hui P, Cai G. Improving diagnostic yield of pancreatic serous cystadenoma with cyst fluid ancillary testing, adjunct immunohistochemistry, and additional fine‐needle biopsy sampling. Cancer Cytopathology 2024, 132: 425-434. PMID: 38450993, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22808.
- Hu B, Wiesehöfer M, de Miguel F, Liu Z, Chan L, Choi J, Melnick M, Arnal Estape A, Walther Z, Zhao D, Lopez-Giraldez F, Wurtz A, Cai G, Fan R, Gettinger S, Xiao A, Yan Q, Homer R, Nguyen D, Politi K. ASCL1 Drives Tolerance to Osimertinib in EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer in Permissive Cellular Contexts. Cancer Research 2024, 84: 1303-1319. PMID: 38359163, PMCID: PMC11142404, DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0438.
- Wang X, Cai G. Liver and Biliary Tract. 2023, 247-266. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44289-6_14.
- Wang X, Cai G. Pancreas. 2023, 229-245. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44289-6_13.
- Cai G. Urinary Tract Cytology. 2023, 11-34. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44289-6_2.
- Sardana R, Cai G. Respiratory Tract. 2023, 189-215. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44289-6_11.
- Malvi P, Chava S, Cai G, Hu K, Zhu L, Edwards Y, Green M, Gupta R, Wajapeyee N. HOXC6 drives a therapeutically targetable pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis pathway by regulating MSK1 and PPP2R2B. Cell Reports Medicine 2023, 4: 101285. PMID: 37951219, PMCID: PMC10694669, DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101285.
- Khajir G, Sun T, Wang H, Sprenkle P, Adeniran A, Cai G, Levi A. Cytologic evaluation of upper urinary tract specimens: An institutional retrospective study using The Paris System for Reporting Urine Cytology second edition with histopathologic follow‐up. Cytopathology 2023, 35: 235-241. PMID: 37916579, DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13328.
- Hu Z, Han F, Yu L, Jiang Y, Cai G. AI-link omnipotent pathological robot: Bridging medical meta-universe to real-world diagnosis and therapy. The Innovation 2023, 4: 100494. PMID: 37663933, PMCID: PMC10472283, DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100494.
- Sardana R, Abi‐Raad R, Adeniran A, Cai G. Utility of parathyroid hormone immunocytochemistry in fine needle aspiration diagnosis of parathyroid tissue. Cytopathology 2023, 34: 597-602. PMID: 37534757, DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13283.
- Sun T, Gilani S, Jain D, Cai G. Cytomorphologic, immunophenotypical and molecular features of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma. Diagnostic Cytopathology 2023, 51: 674-683. PMID: 37469257, DOI: 10.1002/dc.25196.
- Meiklejohn K, Hrones M, Wang M, Prasad M, Cai G, Adeniran A, Gilani S. Diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland on cytology specimens: Role of NOR‐1 (NR4A3) immunohistochemistry. Cytopathology 2023, 34: 219-224. PMID: 36825365, DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13222.
- Wang M, Chen P, Cai G. GATA3 expression in primary lung carcinomas: correlation with histopathologic features and TTF-1, napsin A, and p40 expression. Human Pathology 2023, 135: 93-98. PMID: 36702357, DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.01.007.
- Yoon E, Cai G. Atypical Carcinoid Tumor Versus Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Practical Anatomic Pathology 2022, 75-81. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14402-8_14.
- Baine M, Cai G, Zhang X. Pleomorphic Carcinoma Versus Sarcomatoid Malignant Mesothelioma. Practical Anatomic Pathology 2022, 137-145. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14402-8_23.
- Baldassarri R, Baldassarri S, Cai G. Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Versus Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Lung. Practical Anatomic Pathology 2022, 71-74. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14402-8_13.
- Yoon E, Zhang X, Cai G. Small-Cell Carcinoma Versus Atypical Carcinoid Tumor. Practical Anatomic Pathology 2022, 83-88. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14402-8_15.
- Chen X, Chen H, Lin R, Li Y, Guo Y, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Cai G, Hu M, Chen G. Correlation between PD-L1 expression of the tumour cells and lymphocytes infiltration in the invasive front of urothelial carcinoma. Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2022, 77: 61-67. PMID: 36319076, PMCID: PMC10804014, DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2021-207795.
- Stendahl K, Gilani SM, Basturk O, Hui P, Sigel C, Cai G. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: Cytomorphologic and molecular features. Cancer Cytopathology 2022, 131: 37-49. PMID: 36041224, PMCID: PMC9812877, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22637.
- Wang X, Abi‐Raad R, Tang H, Cai G. Ki‐67 index assessment on FNA specimens of gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Correlation with mitotic rate and potential predictive value for risk stratification. Cancer Cytopathology 2022, 130: 974-982. PMID: 35876606, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22630.
- Wang M, Stendahl K, Cai G, Adeniran A, Harigopal M, Gilani SM. Evaluation of TRPS1 Expression in Pleural Effusion Cytology Specimens With Metastatic Breast Carcinoma. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2022, 158: 416-425. PMID: 35760555, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac066.
- Razzano D, Bouza SJ, Hernandez PV, Wang M, Robert ME, Walther Z, Cai G. Comprehensive molecular profiling of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in FNA, biopsy, and resection specimens. Cancer Cytopathology 2022, 130: 726-734. PMID: 35511415, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22589.
- Sun T, Zuo T, Hui P, Cai G. Significance of KRAS mutation testing in biliary brushing cytology specimens: A 10‐year retrospective review. Cancer Cytopathology 2022, 130: 558-565. PMID: 35417072, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22579.
- Abi‐Raad R, Prasad ML, Adeniran AJ, Cai G. Copy number variations identified in thyroid FNA specimens are associated with Hürthle cell cytomorphology. Cancer Cytopathology 2022, 130: 415-422. PMID: 35332982, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22569.
- Gilani SM, Adeniran AJ, Cai G. Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Evaluation of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm and Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms of Pancreas. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2020, 154: 559-570. PMID: 32589187, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa079.
- Gupta R, Malvi P, Parajuli KR, Janostiak R, Bugide S, Cai G, Zhu LJ, Green MR, Wajapeyee N. KLF7 promotes pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis by up-regulating ISG expression and maintaining Golgi complex integrity. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2020, 117: 12341-12351. PMID: 32430335, PMCID: PMC7275752, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005156117.
- Cai G. Diagnosis and Prognostic Evaluation of Uveal Melanoma via Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy. Journal Of Optometry And Ophthalmology 2020, 22: 81-86. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845x.2020.02.001.
- Baine MK, Sinard JH, Cai G, Homer RJ. A Semiquantitative Scoring System May Allow Biopsy Diagnosis of Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2019, 153: 165-174. PMID: 31593583, PMCID: PMC7571487, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz149.
- Malvi P, Janostiak R, Nagarajan A, Cai G, Wajapeyee N. Loss of thymidine kinase 1 inhibits lung cancer growth and metastatic attributes by reducing GDF15 expression. PLOS Genetics 2019, 15: e1008439. PMID: 31589613, PMCID: PMC6797230, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008439.
- Ray AS, Li C, Murphy TE, Cai G, Araujo KLB, Bramley K, DeBiasi EM, Pisani MA, Cortopassi IO, Puchalski JT. Improved Diagnostic Yield and Specimen Quality With Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Forceps Biopsies: A Retrospective Analysis. The Annals Of Thoracic Surgery 2019, 109: 894-901. PMID: 31593653, PMCID: PMC9376016, DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.08.106.
- Cai G. Lung. 2019, 267-304. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_10.
- Cai G. Cytological Evaluation During Intraoperative Consultation. 2019, 387-405. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_14.
- Abi-Raad R, Cai G. Gastrointestinal Tract. 2019, 365-384. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_13.
- Cai G. Pancreas. 2019, 327-363. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_12.
- Cai G. Facility, Equipment, Specimen Preparation, and Stains. 2019, 13-27. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_2.
- Cai G. Liver. 2019, 153-185. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_7.
- Levi A, Cai G. Economics, Regulations, and Trends in Practice. 2019, 407-412. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_15.
- Cai G. Lymph Node. 2019, 119-150. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_6.
- Abi-Raad R, Cai G. Mediastinum. 2019, 305-323. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_11.
- Cai G, Adeniran A. Overview. 2019, 3-11. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21799-0_1.
- Abi-Raad R, Lavik JP, Barbieri AL, Zhang X, Adeniran AJ, Cai G. Grading Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors by Ki-67 Index Evaluated on Fine-Needle Aspiration Cell Block Material. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2019, 153: 74-81. PMID: 31415691, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz110.
- Oh S, Ronaghi R, Cai G. Molecular Testing on Pleural Fluid Samples. Seminars In Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2019, 40: 340-346. PMID: 31525809, DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1695702.
- Hastings K, Yu HA, Wei W, Sanchez-Vega F, DeVeaux M, Choi J, Rizvi H, Lisberg A, Truini A, Lydon CA, Liu Z, Henick BS, Wurtz A, Cai G, Plodkowski AJ, Long NM, Halpenny DF, Killam J, Oliva I, Schultz N, Riely GJ, Arcila ME, Ladanyi M, Zelterman D, Herbst RS, Goldberg SB, Awad MM, Garon EB, Gettinger S, Hellmann MD, Politi K. EGFR mutation subtypes and response to immune checkpoint blockade treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer. Annals Of Oncology 2019, 30: 1311-1320. PMID: 31086949, PMCID: PMC6683857, DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz141.
- Baldassarri RJ, Kumar D, Baldassarri S, Cai G. Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in the Lower Respiratory Tract: A Cytopathologist's Perspective. Archives Of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 2018, 143: 683-694. PMID: 30203986, DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0573-ra.
- Li-Geng T, Cai G, Aslanian HR. EUS diagnosis of cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. VideoGIE 2018, 3: 106-108. PMID: 29916484, PMCID: PMC6004037, DOI: 10.1016/j.vgie.2017.12.007.
- Gettinger S, Choi J, Hastings K, Truini A, Datar I, Sowell R, Wurtz A, Dong W, Cai G, Melnick MA, Du VY, Schlessinger J, Goldberg SB, Chiang A, Sanmamed MF, Melero I, Agorreta J, Montuenga LM, Lifton R, Ferrone S, Kavathas P, Rimm DL, Kaech SM, Schalper K, Herbst RS, Politi K. Impaired HLA Class I Antigen Processing and Presentation as a Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer. Cancer Discovery 2017, 7: cd-17-0593. PMID: 29025772, PMCID: PMC5718941, DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0593.
- Nagarajan A, Dogra SK, Sun L, Gandotra N, Ho T, Cai G, Cline G, Kumar P, Cowles RA, Wajapeyee N. Paraoxonase 2 Facilitates Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Stimulating GLUT1-Mediated Glucose Transport. Molecular Cell 2017, 67: 685-701.e6. PMID: 28803777, PMCID: PMC5567863, DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.07.014.
- Oza VM, Cai G, Aslanian HR. Clinical utility of rapid on-site cytopathology. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2016, 85: 261. PMID: 27562939, DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.08.008.
- Alomari AK, Ustun B, Aslanian HR, Ge X, Chhieng D, Cai G. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of secondary tumors involving the pancreas: An institution's experience. CytoJournal 2016, 13: 1. PMID: 26955395, PMCID: PMC4763477, DOI: 10.4103/1742-6413.173585.
- Cai G, Sun X, Aslanian H, Chhieng D. Rapid On-Site Evaluation for Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Diagnosis of Pancreatic Lesions. AJSP Review And Reports 2015, 20: 164-168. DOI: 10.1097/pcr.0000000000000099.
- Pirazzoli V, Nebhan C, Song X, Wurtz A, Walther Z, Cai G, Zhao Z, Jia P, de Stanchina E, Shapiro EM, Gale M, Yin R, Horn L, Carbone DP, Stephens PJ, Miller V, Gettinger S, Pao W, Politi K. Acquired Resistance of EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinomas to Afatinib plus Cetuximab Is Associated with Activation of mTORC1. Cell Reports 2014, 7: 999-1008. PMID: 24813888, PMCID: PMC4074596, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.04.014.
- Karunamurthy A, Cai G, Dacic S, Khalbuss WE, Pantanowitz L, Monaco SE. Evaluation of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspirations (EBUS‐FNA): Correlation with adequacy and histologic follow‐up. Cancer Cytopathology 2013, 122: 23-32. PMID: 24127207, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21350.
- Bernstein J, Ustun B, Alomari A, Bao F, Aslanian HR, Siddiqui U, Chhieng D, Cai G. Performance of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in diagnosing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. CytoJournal 2013, 10: 10. PMID: 23858320, PMCID: PMC3709383, DOI: 10.4103/1742-6413.112648.
- Cai G, Wong R, Chhieng D, Levy GH, Gettinger SN, Herbst RS, Puchalski JT, Homer RJ, Hui P. Identification of EGFR mutation, KRAS mutation, and ALK gene rearrangement in cytological specimens of primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cytopathology 2013, 121: 500-507. PMID: 23495083, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21288.
- Levy GH, Finkelstein A, Harigopal M, Chhieng D, Cai G. Cytoplasmic vacuolization: An under‐recognized cytomorphologic feature in endocrine tumors of the pancreas. Diagnostic Cytopathology 2012, 41: 623-628. PMID: 22807461, DOI: 10.1002/dc.22893.
- Cai G, Mahooti S, Lipata FM, Chhieng D, Hui P. Diagnostic value of K‐ras mutation analysis for pancreaticobiliary cytology specimens with indeterminate diagnosis. Cancer Cytopathology 2012, 120: 313-318. PMID: 22367918, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21188.
- Monaco SE, Khalbuss WE, Ustinova E, Liang A, Cai G. The cytomorphologic spectrum of salivary gland type tumors in the lung and mediastinum: A report of 16 patients. Diagnostic Cytopathology 2011, 40: 1062-1070. PMID: 21591276, DOI: 10.1002/dc.21733.