Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, often forming an 'S' or 'C' shape. It can result from various causes, including congenital factors, neuromuscular disorders, or idiopathic (unknown) factors. The severity of scoliosis can range from mild to severe, and it may lead to pain, discomfort, and potential complications if left untreated.