Obesity is a common problem that can cause fatigue, diabetes, fatty liver disease, and sleep problems, and raise the risk of many cancers. It reduces energy, and can take the pleasure out of many aspects of life. Extra weight also places stress on vital organs, including the heart, liver, and kidneys, as well as joints and the reproductive system. Although organs can work under this extra stress for a number of years, eventually they are likely to fail. Most organs lose about 80% of their capacity before symptoms are evident, and by that time, it is often too late to return them to normal function. The conditions associated with obesity are: Cancer Cardiovascular disease Diabetes Liver disease Obstructive sleep apnea Losing weight can help improve and sometimes cure many of these conditions, as well as fertility issues. Losing weight can also lead to a life with fewer medications, lower health expenses, and overall greater enjoyment. At the Yale Metabolic Health and Weight Loss Program, we offer all nonsurgical weight-loss interventions in one location. Our philosophy is to focus on health, rather than specific disease, and to tailor our care to each patient’s specific needs and goals. The first step in our care is to determine weight-loss goals. Patients may need to lose 5 to 10% of their body weight to help in the treatment of a disease. We will help patients choose from interventions that include intensive meal-replacement programs, a range of medications, or endoscopic (nonsurgical procedure) options. Sometimes, there are additional medical necessities, such as an upcoming surgery, that require a specific weight-loss goal. We will explain the advantages and disadvantages of the various options, but the choice will depend primarily on what feels right to the patient. We provide therapies under the medical supervision of obesity experts. Patients can choose from the full range of tested interventions: Lifestyle changes: Nutrition counseling goes hand-in-hand with medical management of metabolic health. Care will include a personal visit with a registered dietitian with advanced training in weight management. OPTIFAST® program: OPTIFAST® is a medically monitored weight management program that allows patients, under the supervision of a physician, to consume a low-calorie diet and receive comprehensive lifestyle education. The OPTIFAST program provides full meal replacement for 12 weeks and transitions to self-prepared “everyday” meals in conjunction with comprehensive patient education and support, to help patients achieve long-term weight loss. Medications: All medications are used as part of a comprehensive program that includes proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle. Contrave® is a single pill that contains two medications (naltrexone and bupropion) and is taken twice a day. It will reduce appetite and can produce weight loss in the 5 to 10% range. Phentermine is taken once in the morning, and is prescribed for a few weeks.

At Yale Medicine, our cardiovascular physicians specialize in all types of heart conditions. Our expert teams focus on heart-related health issues, such as heart disease genetics, heart rhythm problems, heart failure, heart and blood vessel conditions, and heart transplants. Our cardiologists do more than just see patients; they also conduct research to learn more about the complexities of various heart diseases and investigate better ways to treat them. Through their work in five research centers at Yale our cardiologists participate in major research initiatives focused on all aspects of heart health. Our research teams are comprised of experts from all over the world—eight different countries and four continents, to be exact! Specialized care is offered in the following areas: Adult congenital heart disease Arrhythmia Cardiac imaging Cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure Coronary heart disease General cardiology (including stress tests and holter monitoring) Peripheral vascular heart disease Vascular heart disease

At Yale Medicine, our team of renowned physicians are leaders in the field of endocrinology. We specialize in understanding and treating the delicate balance of the endocrine system and the hormones that regulate essential body functions. Our physicians are also experts in the management of metabolic disease, which affects how your body processes food to create energy. We're here to provide you with advanced diagnostic and comprehensive treatment options that address these crucial hormonal and metabolic functions. Specialized care is offered in the following areas: Adrenal diseases, including adrenal masses, Cushing syndrome, hyperaldosteronism, and pheochromocytoma. Bone Center consists of a team of specialists with expertise in bone health who treat patients with bone diseases and disturbances in the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, a mineral that helps build bones. Center for Weight Management, which offers assistance with weight and weight-related health conditions. Diabetes Center is comprised of diabetes specialists who help patients manage their diabetes and prevent long-term complications. Endocrine cancers of the thyroid and adrenal glands. Pituitary conditions and complex disorders. Thyroid diseases, including hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer.