Macular degeneration is a progressive eye condition that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. It leads to a gradual loss of central vision, making it difficult to perform tasks that require detailed vision, such as reading and driving. There are two types: dry macular degeneration, which is more common and progresses slowly, and wet macular degeneration, which is less common but can cause rapid vision loss.