Dysmenorrhea is a medical condition characterized by painful menstrual cramps that occur during or around the time of a woman's menstrual period. The pain can range from mild to severe and is often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue. Dysmenorrhea can be classified into primary dysmenorrhea, which has no identifiable cause, and secondary dysmenorrhea, which is caused by an underlying medical condition.